Assessment of risk factors of premanturity among neonates born in Bandar Abbas shariati hospital

Prematurity remains the main cause of mortality and morbidity in infants and a problem in the care of pregnant women world-wide. This study describes the risk factors for having a live preterm delivery in Bandar Abbas Shariati Hospital. In this case-control study, we studied 300 neonates who were borned in Shariati hospital in 2011 and divided them into two groups: case group [100 mothers with premature neonates] and control group [200 mothers with term infants]. Risk factors that were studied include maternal age and job, parent's knowledge, the history of preterm birth, uterine abnormality, maternal systemic and infectious disease, prenatal care, placental abnormality, trauma in pregnancy, maternal low weight gain in pregnancy, the number of previous pregnancy, inter pregnancies gap, maternal smoking, membrane abnormality, previous abortion, pregnancy with assisted reproductive therapy. Data collection and analysis were performed using SPSS 16 and t-test and Chi-Square were used to analyze the significance of the results. The results show that in mothers with preterm birth, prolong premature rupture of membrane 27.92 times, uterine and cervical anomaly about 15 times, preeclamcia 5.26 times, the history of preterm birth 4.96 times, family dependency 2.67 times, urinary tract infection 2.24 times and diabetes 2.18 time more exposed to prematurity than mothers with term birth [P<0.05]. According to this study prolong premature rupture of membrane, uterine and cervical anomaly, preeclamcia and history of preterm birth are the most important risk factors for preterm delivery

Common injuries in athletic horses at riding clubs in Tehran, Iran

Various forms of intensive sport place stress on the musculoskeletal system of the horse, during both racing and training. The musculoskeletal system of the horse has an inherent ability to adapt to the demands of high speed exercise, but exceeding the threshold of adaptive capacity may result in some form of damage. Continuing racing or training may delay the repair process and put the horse at risk of more serious musculoskeletal injury. This study investigated injury in different breeds of horses involved in various types of activity in riding clubs in Tehran. Of the 400 horses that took part in various events during the race season from March 2008 to September 2009, 26 were injured. The most common injury was to the musculoskeletal system of the fore limbs [64%]. The hind limbs suffered 16% of the injuries and the head and neck 4%. From a gender aspect, incident rates were higher in mares [54%] than in stallions [46%]. From a breed point of view, Thoroughbred and Arab horses had higher incident rates [100% and 85% respectively] than a hybrid horse [50%]. Findings of this study also showed the relationship between gender, breed and age of the horses to the injury site, type and outcome, and type of the events

[Incidence of flare up in endodontically treated teeth]

Background: patients who begin endodontic therapy may experience pain or swelling during therapy or after obturation of root canal system [flare -up]. The causes of flare-up phenomena are numerous and often multi factorial. The goal of this study is to examine the incidence of flare - up and its connection with variables such as pulp and periapical conditions, the type of treatment, the number of appointment and the tooth groups under treatment

Methods and materials: in this study I 168 patients were selected from among the patients referring for treatment to the endodontics ward of Zahedan faculty of Dentistry. At each visit information was obtained on each patient as to their demographics, presenting signs, symptoms and diagnosis and then treatment performed. After complete of the appropriate forms the data were analyzed with the chi-square statistical method

Results: the results of the study indicate the incidence of flare - up to be 3.2%, with a significant relationship between the incidence of flare - up and the pulp and periapical conditions [P<0.05] and no significant relationship between incidence of flare - up and the type of treatment performed, the number of treatment appointment and the type of tooth [P> 0. 05]

Conclusions: because bacteria are the source of pulpal and periapical infection, eliminating of bacteria is necessary for resolve of signs and symptoms of flare-up

Establishment of new evaluation and accreditation system for graduate medical education in Iran

Graduate Medical Education is one of the stage of the continuum of medical education in Iran. At present, near 5500 residents are being trained in 24 specialties and 21 subspecialties in 26 Universities of Medical Sciences. Based on a special Act of National Parliament in 1973, the Iranian Council for Graduate Medical Education is responsible for supervision on the quality of Graduate Medical Education. Despite significant activities in this field during last three decades, there has been no integrated effort for evaluation and accreditation of specialty education units, yet. In this regard, the Secretary of the Council appointed a committee for preliminary studies and presentation of new approaches. In this article, the authors first describe the details of the activities of this committee. Thereafter, challenges of Graduate Medical Education and relevant supervisory bodies have been discussed. In the end, activities for the establishment of new accreditation system of Graduate Medical Education in Iran have been described